Why Daniel Refused to Eat the King's Meat

"Give us only vegetables to eat." -Daniel 1:12

Scripture regards Daniel very highly. He is described by Yahusha as, "a man greatly beloved," and YHWH specifically mentions the righteousness of Daniel along with Noah and Job (Ezekiel 14:14). He was able to interpret prophecy, pray for the return of Judah from exile, had incredible visions, prayed three times a day, and was supernaturally protected from an execution attempt. Nothing bad about Daniel is spoken of in Scripture.

And this highly regarded man spent at least part of his life as a vegetarian. Do you know why?

Maybe you have heard of the Daniel Fast. It is inspired by the events in the first chapter of the book of Daniel.

"But Daniel purposed in his heart that he would not defile himself with the portion of the king's food, nor with the wine which he drank: therefore he requested to the chief of the officers permission to abstain that he might not defile himself." -Daniel 1:8

As we see a few verses later the initially hesitant officer decided to let Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah go on a vegetarian diet for ten days. Verse 15 says that after the ten days were up the officer was so impressed with the beauty and health of their faces that he put the rest of the captives on a vegetarian diet as well.

The premise of the Daniel Fast is a simple vegan diet with no dairy, meat, eggs, sugar, or alcohol for a determined amount of time in attempt to grow closer to the Messiah (and for some, lose weight or get their health back on track). I know many people who have been greatly impacted by doing the Daniel Fast, and personally many of my meals fit into these guidelines; so I'm not saying anything against participating in it.

But I do have a question: did Daniel think he was fasting?

We just read that Daniel purposed not to defile himself. The reason he requested vegetables and water wasn't so that he could 'focus on prayer' or 'grow closer to God' like many do when they start a fast. He said he didn't want to defile himself. Daniel wanted to keep Scripture's instructions about what to eat.

In ancient Babylon many animals that YHWH says not to eat were regularly consumed. Pigs, shellfish, and turtle, along with other animals (clean and unclean) were regularly eaten. While Scripture doesn't record exactly what was being served to Daniel and his friends, we can clearly see it was unclean, otherwise Daniel wouldn't have thought it would defile himself. Even if it was a clean animal that YHWH permits us to eat, like beef, there is no reason the pagan Babylonians would have been careful to drain the blood as YHWH tells us to. Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah did not eat the king's meat since they didn't want to break a commandment of YHWH.

It would have been easy for them to make excuses. They were prisoners in captivity after all! But Daniel resolved not to defile himself. And YHWH and Yahusha both spoke so highly of him for it.

It can be argued that if Daniel hadn't been faithful to the dietary commandments in chapter 1 the rest of the book wouldn't have taken place. He wouldn't have been given the interpretation to Nebuchadnezzar's dream, seen visions, or been protected in the lions' den. Would Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah have worshiped the image the king set up? While I don't believe that diet alone is what made Daniel righteous, we do know that the action of keeping YHWH's commands is righteous. Daniel wouldn't have gotten credit for knowing he shouldn't eat unclean meat, it is the doing that YHWH esteems (Romans 2:13).

I do not say this to imply that vegetarianism or veganism is superior to all other diets, or the only dietary options that honor YHWH. He permits the consumption of clean meat and dairy throughout Scripture, and even specifically instructs lamb to be eaten at Passover. Daniel's option was unclean meat that Scripture says not to eat, or a vegetarian meal. The answer was easy for him, he wanted to honor YHWH and be obedient to his commands. Whether your next meal is vegetarian or not, make sure that it's one that follows Scripture's instructions.

More on Biblical eating:
Did the Messiah Declare All Foods Clean?
Understanding Peter's Vision

What is Biblically Clean Eating?

What does Scripture say about what we eat?

Does YHWH care what we eat? I admit this was initially a very hard idea to swallow for me. Doesn't God care more about what kind of person I am? Before you get to hung up on that question remember humanity's very first sin. Adam and Eve ate something they weren't supposed to. They were kicked out of Eden because of something they ate.

YHWH cares about every part of our lives. He gave us instructions for food for a reason. And he cares very much if we are willing to be obedient to his word.

Many teach that Yahusha “made all foods clean,” but did He?

Mark 7:19 is the verse that is used to say that, “All foods are clean.” However, that statement was added by translators who misunderstood the text. That sentence is not in original copies of the manuscript. Taking a closer look at the context of the verse helps to clarify this. Chapter 7 isn’t focused on what is being eaten; it discusses eating with unwashed hands.

We should also understand that in the Scriptures if something is not Biblically clean, then it is not called food. Nowhere in the Scriptures will we find something unclean or forbidden referred to as food.

Mark 7:5, The Pharisees and the Torah-teachers asked him, “Why don’t your disciples live in accordance with the Tradition of the Elders, but instead eat with ritually unclean hands?”

Please note: if Yahusha had in fact taught that it was okay to eat any type of meat their question would have been, “Why do you let your followers eat shrimp and bacon?” But that is not what they asked! They inquired why Yahusha and his disciples weren’t following oral tradition—doctrines of men, which required a ceremonial hand-washing before a meal. Yahusha taught that this practice was not required, as it is not written in the Torah. Yahusha never taught against YHWH's directions on what to eat. We know since he never sinned (1 Peter 2:22) he never violated any dietary commandments.

What does Scripture permit us to eat?

-Certain meats including cows, sheep, and goats.
-Milk and milk products from permitted animals.
-Fish with fins and scales. Salmon, cod, tuna, tilapia, perch, etc.
-Certain poultry including chicken, turkey, duck, goose, pigeon, and dove.
-Eggs from permitted poultry.
-Locusts, grasshoppers, crickets, and beetles.
-Fruit, vegetables, grains, and nuts.

What does Scripture tell us not to eat?
-Pigs, rabbits, camels, and horses. (Leviticus 11)

-Ostriches, eagles, bats, swans, pelicans, vultures, and herons. (Leviticus 11)

-Milk or eggs from unclean animals. (Leviticus 11)
-Blood (even from permitted animals) (Deuteronomy 12:23)
-Fat from cows, sheep, or goats. (Leviticus 7:23)
-Meat sacrificed to idols. Including 'halal' certified chicken, beef, etc. (1 Corinthians 10:28)
-Swarming insects. (Leviticus 11)
-Beef, lamb, or goat cooked with dairy. (Exodus 23:19)
-GMOs. (Leviticus 19:19)

The majority of food instructions are found in Leviticus 11, and it's a little gross. Mostly a list of things most of us would never think about eating. Bats, ravens, camels, vultures, uhh no thanks! While it's a little hard to fathom in this culture, YHWH has the same thoughts about pork and shellfish. Gross.

There is a lot of evidence to suggest that eating a lot of these unclean animals is bad for us. Be it from high levels of toxins in shellfish to trichinosis in pigs. But that is really not the point. The point is simply to follow YHWH's instructions. There is some cost to it, perhaps you'll need to give up something you've grown up eating; it takes effort to eat as Scripture instructs. It's not always easy, but it is always worth it to be obedient to the Creator.

More about what Scripture says about what we eat:
10 Times Scripture Talks About Clean Eating

Why Daniel Refused the King's Meat
How to Start Eating a Biblically Clean Diet
A Hebraic Perspective on Peter's Vision of Eating Unclean Animals

Kosher For Passover Chocolate Mini Doughnuts

Do you believe in miracles? This cute little chocolate doughnuts are grain free, contain no refined sugar, and are kosher for Passover. You can eat these all the way through the Feast of Matzah. Yay!

These are chocolatey and oh-so delicious! I have served them to brownie lovers and sweet tooths year round and no one ever suspects that they aren't made with refined flour and sugar and oil. These mini doughnuts are made with whole food ingredients and baked instead of fried. I used a mini doughnut pan but don't worry if you don't have one. I have also made with recipe in a muffin pan with great results!

I am not a fan of baking with matzah meal and don't use it during the Feasts. It is expensive, hard to find, and doesn't always produce the best results. On top of that it is typically made of refined flour and isn't particularly healthy. While I do enjoy decadent desserts, we should all have a few healthy baked good recipes up our sleeves that we can feel good about snacking on and serving others--especially children.

Made with coconut flour, eggs, honey, and cocoa powder these are friendly with the GAPS and Paleo diets. They are also friendly with many allergies as they are free of gluten and nuts, and can be made with coconut oil instead of the butter for anyone with a milk allergy.

For an even more wholesome treat use local raw honey, organic eggs, and fair trade cocoa, chocolate, and vanilla.

I drizzled tempered chocolate on these for fun presentation and an extra burst of chocolate. I'm sharing an easy way to temper chocolate below but you can leave this out if you want or mix mini chocolate chips into the batter.

Kosher for Passover Chocolate Doughnuts Recipe

6 eggs
1/4 teaspoon salt
1/2 cup honey
1/3 cup melted coconut oil or butter
1 tablespoon vanilla
2 tablespoons cocoa powder
1/2 cup coconut flour

1/4 chocolate chips (be sure they are free of allergens if needed)

Preheat oven to 350° and grease a mini doughnut pan.
Whisk together the eggs with the salt for three to five minutes. They will become airy and a lighter shade of yellow.
Continue whisking and add the honey, then the coconut oil or butter, vanilla, cocoa powder, and the coconut flour. This should have a similar consistency to cake batter. Coconut flour absorbs lots of liquid so if it is too stiff, add a tablespoon or two of water.
Put the batter into a clean ziplock bag. Once the batter is inside snip a corner off of the bag to use as a piping bag. Pipe batter into the doughnut pan, making the molds about 2/3 full.
Bake for 12-15 minutes (for muffins 15-20 minutes) until the doughnuts spring back when pressed lightly.
Tip the pan onto a wire rack and let cool completely.
Meanwhile melt your chocolate. The easiest way to do this is the double boiler method. Use a small saucepan and bring about an inch of water to a boil. Put about half of the chocolate into a bowl that will sit on top the pan without touching the water. Set the bowl above the water and stir the chocolate until it is completely melted. Remove from the heat and stir in the remaining chocolate chips until melted and smooth. Not adding all of the chocolate at once ensures that your chocolate will be tempered and harden on the doughnuts.
When the doughnuts have cooled put them on an easy to clean surface (a plate or parchment paper), and lightly drizzle the melted chocolate over them. Let set until the chocolate has hardened.
Makes about 18 mini doughnuts or 12 muffins.

Preserving for Passover

Fresh produce is finally abundant! There is a super simple way to make everything you can fit for Passover!

We went to visit my husband's grandmother last week and she gifted us with plenty of vintage jars! Some of them I had never seen before.

She had a humongous garden and had used some of these jars for decades to preserve the harvest. It's neat to see the slight variations in shape and design from the modern Ball Mason Jar. Some are quite old (one is dated 1858!) and you can see the imperfections in the glass.

Ball Mason Jars are made in the USA and I love that they have stuck with their original sizes of jars. The new lids still work with the old jars--that is wonderful!

Clockwise from the top left: pickled okra, pickled pattypan squash, roasted cherry tomato salsa, and pickled banana peppers.

As discussed previously, most things pickled are not kosher for Passover. This is because the vinegar used to preserve them is almost always grain vinegar and is therefore chametz, meaning it shouldn't be consumed or used at all during the Feast of Matzah or even in your house.

How can we remedy this? Simply, swap the white distilled vinegar called for in the recipe with apple cider vinegar. Just make sure the apple cider vinegar has the same level of acidity as what's called for in the recipe, typically 5%. I have been using an organic apple cider vinegar from the Whole Foods 365 Everyday Value brand, which is reasonably priced.

You can make this substitution in salsa, anything pickled, and any canning recipe that uses vinegar. All of what you see in the above photo is fit for Passover. I'm excited to have salsa that can be eaten during Passover week this year!

Already started canning with white vinegar? No problem, switch to apple cider vinegar for your next batch, and be sure to use the prior batch first. This will give you pickles you can eat during the Feast of Matzah.

Kosher For Passover Explained

Exodus 12:15 gives additional dietary instructions for Passover and the Feast of Matzah.
"For seven days you are to eat matzah—on the first day remove the leaven from your houses. For whoever eats hametz [leavened bread] from the first to the seventh day is to be cut off from Israel."

This is where the term 'Kosher for Passover' comes from. While it is fine to eat hametz the rest of the year, it is forbidden during the Feast of Unleavened Bread.

Hametz or chametz is often translated as "leaven" but that is misleading. Yeast should not be eaten during Passover but that's not explicitly what hametz refers to. Hametz refers to grains that have come into contact with water. It is related to chometz, meaning vinegar, and chamutz meaning sour. Meaning fermented grain products should not be consumed during the Feast of Matzah.

What are these grains? Scripture doesn't specify, though wheat is the best guess. I would encourage you to study and pray about the grains to avoid. Traditional Judaism avoids:

Wheat
Barley
Spelt
Oats
Rye

Please note that since it is the Feast of Unleavened Bread, unleavened bread is still perfectly okay to consume! Traditional matzah is made from wheat. You can purchase it Kosher for Passover or make your own.

An interesting hametz product that doesn't immediately jump to mind is vinegar. Vinegar is distilled from wheat that has obviously fermented and become hametz. This makes it's way into lots of condiments that should be avoided during Matzah Week. Unless a vinegar is specified as a wine vinegar or apple cider vinegar, consider it hametz.

So what all should be avoided during the Feast of Unleavened Bread?
Bread, croissants, biscuits, etc.
Flour tortillas
Pasta and noodles
Breakfast cereals such as Cheerios, Shredded Wheat, Raisin Bran, etc.
Baked goods with flour such as cookies, muffins, cake, etc.
Beer
Condiments with vinegar such as ketchup, mustard, mayonnaise, salad dressings, salsa, soy sauce, and pickled vegetables.
Barley - soup or risotto
Oats and oatmeal
Spelt products
Rye
Also watch out for oatmeal in soaps and bath products.

If this is your first year keeping Kosher for Passover, this can sound a little overwhelming, but hang in there! There are still plenty of things you can eat.

What can we eat during the Feast of Unleavened Bread?
Matzah/unleavened bread
Any vegetables
Any fruits
Lentils
Beans - black, pinto, Cannelini, kidney, chickpeas, etc.
Potatoes
Winter squash - butternut, acorn, spaghetti, etc.
Any Biblically clean meat or fish
Dairy - yogurt, cheese, milk, butter, sour cream, etc.
Eggs
Corn tortillas
Nuts
Salad dressings made with balsamic or apple cider vinegar
Gluten free soy sauce, called tamari
Ice cream
Desserts like cheesecake, creme brulee, flourless chocolate cake, and macarons

Meal ideas:
Beef or chicken fajitas with corn tortillas, black beans, guacamole, and onions and bell peppers
Stir fried broccoli, carrots, cabbage, peppers, etc. over fried rice with tamari
Baked salmon with roasted butternut squash and spinach salad with balsamic vinaigrette
Scrambled eggs with mushrooms and goat cheese served with matzah
Baked potatoes with broccoli and cheese
Spaghetti squash with marinara sauce
Coconut curried vegetables over lentils
Matzah spread with cream cheese, topped with smoked salmon, arugula, and cucumber slices
Lettuce salad topped with chicken, hard-boiled eggs, nuts, carrots, tomatoes, etc. and salad dressing from apple cider vinegar
Lots of soups: black bean, vegetable, lentil, potato cheese, etc. served with matzah
Fruit smoothies
Apples with peanut butter
Hummus with veggies and matzah
Yogurt with fruit or jam
Trail mix with mixed nuts, dried fruit, and chocolate chips

Here's more than 40 recipes that are Kosher for Passover.

Exodus 12:15-20 explains that the Festival of Matzah is an ongoing instruction that should be celebrated by every generation of YHWH's people. Matzah doesn't have to be the only thing we eat, but it does say that we should eat it so have some each day and make it a central part of the Feast!

Have a wonderful Feast of Unleavened Bread!