What Jesus Said about the Sabbath

What did the Messiah say about the Sabbath? The Sabbath day holds a significant place in Judeo-Christian tradition. It symbolizes rest and spiritual renewal, and is mentioned well over 150 times in the Bible. This post takes a look at the words and teachings of Jesus about the Sabbath, examining his perspective on Sabbath rest, healing, and Biblical law. We will take a look at his words in the New Testament, and explore what that means for believers today.

Many people say that the Sabbath day is insignificant because it 'doesn't come up much,' in the New Testament, but that is not the case. If we remember that the Old Testament is three to four times the size of the New Testament, then it's actually the New Testament that brings it up more frequently! Jesus himself talks about the Sabbath at least 10 times, and it is mentioned about 50 times just in the Gospels.

The Messiah's words on the Sabbath:

"The son of man is master of the Sabbath." -Luke 6:5, Mark 2:28

Here the Messiah establishes that he has a deep relationship with the Sabbath, because you can only be master of something that matters to you. Sometimes people take this to mean he rules over the Sabbath, and therefore it's obsolete, but a good King does not do away with his kingdom. Rather, he rules over it with justice. So when Jesus says this, he's calling attention to the fact that he is the one who decides what is and is not appropriate Sabbath behavior. He does this because religious leaders at the time had added on all sorts of rules about what you couldn't do on the Sabbath. He's saying that we can get our Sabbath laws from him, and not abide by the traditions we grew up with.

"It is lawful to do good deeds on the Sabbath." -Matthew 12:12

Here's Jesus once again explaining what is actually permissible to do on the Sabbath, because at the time the religious leaders had placed significant restrictions on Sabbath keeping. The Bible's directions for keeping the Sabbath are focused on resting, not working, and worshipping YHWH. Nowhere in the Bible does it give nitpicky rules about the Sabbath, and it certainly never says that we can't help people or creation on this day.

"Sabbath was made for mankind." -Mark 2:27

The Messiah taught that Sabbath was made for us. It was created to be a gift to mankind. Because a day of rest is the gift that the world desperately needs right now. This passage of Scripture demonstrates that Jesus didn't intend for this to go away so that we could just be 'free' to work all the time. He's reminding us that it's a good thing to have the freedom to rest each and every week.

What Jesus said about healing on the Sabbath:

"Which is lawful on the Sabbath: to do good or to do evil, to save life or to kill?" -Mark 3:4, Luke 6:9

"Shouldn't this daughter of Abraham, whom Satan has kept bound for eighteen long years, be set free on the Sabbath day?" -Luke 13:16

"Why are you angry with me for healing a man on the Sabbath?" -John 7:23

"If any of you has a sheep that falls into a pit on the Sabbath, will you not take hold of it and lift it out?" -Matthew 12:11, Luke 14:5

"If a boy can be circumcised on the Sabbath, so that the law of Moses is not broken, why are you angry with me for healing a man's whole body on the Sabbath?" -John 7:23

Healing on the Sabbath was a major debate in Jesus's day. The Messiah frequently healed people on the Sabbath, which greatly offended the Pharisees and other religious leaders of that time. The Pharisees went as far to say that Jesus wasn't a Sabbath keeper and not from God because he did so. In fact, this was one of the main reasons they plotted to kill him (John 5:18). This was simply because they had decided it wasn't lawful to heal on the Sabbath. This is not a directive of Scripture. So when the Messiah healed on Shabbat, it was a violation of manmade religious law, not Biblical commandments. 

One of the key takeaways we have from this ongoing debate in the New Testament is that Jesus approved of stripping away tradition and religious customs in favor of what the word of God says. 

It's also noteworthy that he did a huge amount of healings on the Sabbath. This speaks to the simple truth that Sabbath is healing. It also demonstrates that God is not legalistic. Many people have the impression that YHWH would rather have people suffer than to have a healing happen on the Sabbath, and that is absolutely false! The Messiah often railed against the religious leaders for lacking mercy and compassion, and he purposefully healed on the Sabbath to show that God's nature is that he cares for people and wants them healed.

Related posts:
Did Jesus Break the Sabbath? The Meaning of John 5:18
What Jesus Said about Biblical Law
Five Things the Messiah Taught about the Sabbath

Did Jesus Break the Sabbath? The Meaning of John 5:18

Did Jesus break the Sabbath? Did he do things that went against the commandments of the Bible when it came to the set apart day of the week? Lots of people believe that the Messiah broke the Sabbath day when he walked on earth. In the Gospels he frequently had run-ins with the Pharisees and religious leaders of his day about what was appropriate behavior that would keep the Sabbath day holy. There seem to be verses and statements in the New Testament saying that he violated the Sabbath day in some way. Here we are going to examine if Jesus broke the Sabbath. 

What does the Bible tell us about the Jesus and the Sabbath?

"For this reason they tried all the more to kill him not only was he breaking the Sabbath, but he was even calling God his own Father, making himself equal with God." -John 5:18

There it says Jesus was breaking the Sabbath. That seems rather clear, doesn't it? If we flipped our Bible open to this verse and read without context it would be hard to take this verse to mean anything other than: Jesus broke the Sabbath. Heaven knows plenty of pastors, teachers, and Bible commentators have done this.

But this view leaves out the context of what was happening and overlooks how the story is being told. If we pull a verse like this out of context we will inevitably misunderstand the true meaning of this Biblical passage and description of the Savior.

We can see throughout the Gospels that the religious leaders disagreed with the Messiah about how the Sabbath day should be kept. They considered healing on the Sabbath to be a major offense. This comes up in Matthew 12, Mark 3, Luke 6, and John 9. This was such an issue at the time that each Gospel writer included this in their writing. 

"They questioned Jesus, asking, 'Is it lawful to heal on the Sabbath?'" -Matthew 12:10

"The scribes and Pharisees were watching him closely to see if he healed on the Sabbath." -Luke 6:7

Before studying and reading the entire Old Testament, I assumed that the Pharisees were upset because God had a law against healing on the Sabbath. I knew there were rules about the Sabbath, and these guys were the religious experts, so they would know...right? The Old Testament is huge, there must be a command prohibiting Sabbath healings somewhere in there.

But then I read the Old Testament, and I read for myself that there is no such Biblical commandment that says that healing is prohibited on the Sabbath. This means that this is not an instruction of YHWH. And if it's not a commandment, then breaking it doesn't violate the Sabbath. This means that Jesus didn't break the Sabbath!

But what about John 5:18 and similar verses like John 9:16? They literally say that the Messiah did break the Sabbath.

If we look at them in context, these verses like these say that the religious leaders thought he was breaking the Sabbath. They also thought he wasn't from God, so if we accept that their opinion was correct and he was breaking the Sabbath, that would mean he wasn't sent from God.

"Some of the Pharisees said, 'This man is not from God, for he does not keep the Sabbath.'" -John 9:16

Someone's opinion, no matter how popular that person is, or what their credentials are, is not always correct. While these statements are included in the New Testament, that is to tell us what was happening - the religious leaders said it was wrong to heal on the Sabbath, but Jesus did so anyway - and this is not the same as Biblical truth. Yes, it's true that they said and believed that the Messiah was breaking the law, but that doesn't mean it's true that he was.

By healing on the Sabbath, the Messiah not only demonstrated his compassion for people and his desire for our physical wellness. He also showed us through this how seriously he took the word of God. He wasn't going to stand for substitutions of religion. He wasn't okay with saying a human belief or law was the same as commandments from his Father. He refused to perpetuate the belief that what religious leaders said was the same as Biblical law. He wasn't interested in the appearance of looking spiritual; he wanted to love his neighbors while still showing love to God by keeping his commandments.

The activities that Scripture records the Messiah doing on the Sabbath are all things that fit within the Biblical instructions of what to do on that day. He healed, taught, went for walks, and dined in the homes of friends on the Sabbath. In every single story that we have of his life, not once does the Bible record him doing anything that breaks a Biblical law about the Sabbath.

The Bible's commands for the Sabbath mostly consist of things like we should rest on it, work is prohibited, and it's a day for worshipping YHWH instead of pursuing our own interests. In every story we have of his life, we see that the Messiah kept the Biblical instructions about the Sabbath day. Since healing on the Sabbath is not prohibited by Scripture, he was free to do so without violating or breaking the set apart day in any way. 

The Messiah didn't mind breaking man's commandments about the Sabbath. But he never violated what his Father commanded.

Related posts:
Did Jesus Break the Law?
Traditions and Commandments in the New Testament
The Three Types of Laws in Scripture

What To Do on the Sabbath

If the Sabbath is a day of rest what are we supposed to do on it? What should this set apart day look like when we are pausing from so many of our regular activities? If we aren't working or "being productive" what can or should our day look like? I want to give some suggestions for Sabbath appropriate activities, because when I first started keeping this day set apart, I was forever wondering things like, should I be doing this? is this okay?

Note that these activities are suggestions. This is not a checklist of things to get done, but rather ideas for how you can enjoy the Sabbath day. Hopefully you are able to do a couple of things from the 'spiritual' category each week, but please don't feel pressured to try and do every single thing mentioned here each Sabbath. The beauty of the Sabbath is that it's not a day for being 'productive' or getting things done. It's the day when we are commanded to stop those other things and to rest and worship YHWH. If you "don't do anything" or get "nothing" done, it's more than okay.

Here are some ideas for how we can spend the Sabbath.

Spiritual things to do:

Listen to or sing worship songs

Read Scripture

Do a Bible study

Attend congregation

Listen to a teaching or sermon

Study with friends and family

Listen to an audio Bible

Speak a blessing over yourself and others

Spend time in prayer

Self care related activities:

Personal hygiene

Nap

Take a bath

Go for a walk

Sit outside

Stretch

Have a cup of tea

Relationships:

Have lunch or dinner with family

Call or visit an older relative

Sit and talk with your spouse, friends, or family

Caring for others:

Basic care of children, the sick, and the elderly

Basic care of animals

Necessary house cleaning (i.e. cleaning up a broken glass or pet's accident)

Fun things to do:

Enjoy the beach or the lake

Play a board game

Watch a movie

Read

These are ideas for how you can spend your time in Biblically permissible ways, not a conclusive list of all permissible activities on the Sabbath. Are you wondering about something not on the list? Familiarize yourself with Scripture's directions for the Sabbath. Then ask yourself some questions about that activity. Does this fit with keeping God's word? Would it be restful to do it? Would that cause someone else to work? Is it necessary to do this today?

The Sabbath is the day we are commanded to rest and worship. Those are the only things we need to accomplish. Give yourself permission to step back from the other things and enjoy the gift of rest and time with the Creator. We truly do well if that's what we accomplish on the Sabbath!

Related posts:
What Not To Do on the Sabbath
Fifteen Things Scripture Says About the Sabbath
How to Stop Working on Shabbat